中国的“三农”问题：回顾与反思

主要

Institute of Agricultural Economics Chinese Academy of Agriclutural sciences Beijing， China 100081 [Abstract]The paper believes that issues on China’s “agriculture， Countryside and Faremer” are structural deviation problems caused by the disparity between urban and rural economic and social reform in the course of national industrialization. The issues are specifically reflected on the contrast between urban and rural area， overabundance of agricultura population， expanding income gap between urban and rural residents， and exacerbating polarization between rich and poor. Analyzing the impact of historic background， proportional relationship between farmer and land， and farmers’ limitation on “Agriculture， Countryside， and Farmer” issues， the paper thinks that the urban-rural separating binary structure policy is the most direct and foremost cause， posting the myriad representations and sequent brought out by urban-favoring polices. The author indicates that the issues of “Agriculture， countryside， and Farmer” are closely connected， differed essentially， and incompatible under certain condition. Radically speaking， the issue of farmers is the focus of the three. The nucleus of farmer issue at present phase is that the income is low， cmployment is difficult， and also difficult for imcome growth. Addressing “Agriculture， Countryside， and Farmer” issues should take reducing agricultural population and increasing farmers’ income as strategic objectives. Only when we break through the dated thinking formula and the restriction of system bottle-neck， following the thoughts of urban-rural reform and development integration to design scheme， put the work highlight on right system supplying， can the new design works. The paper brings forward 10 recommendations for solving “agriculture， Countryside， and Farmer” issues. [Key words]Agriculture， Countryside， and Farmer; Urban-rural integration