表面麻醉下小切口非超乳青光眼白内障联合手术临床观察
佚名 2006-07-04
【摘要】 目的 观察表面麻醉下小切口非超乳青光眼白内障联合手术的效果。 观察住院患者34例34眼,白内障并急性闭角型青光眼6例,慢性闭角型青光眼8例,原发开角型青光眼8例,白内障膨胀期继发青光眼12例。采用圈垫式劈核技术行小切口非超乳白内障摘除并人工晶体植入术,隧道内剪除小梁组织,剪除相应根部虹膜。结果 术中急性闭角型青光眼麻醉效果稍差,其余麻醉效果尚好;术后视力不同程度提高,眼压控制良好。结论 表面麻醉下小切口非超乳青光眼白内障联合手术效果可靠,值得临床。
【关键词】 表面麻醉;小切口;非超乳青光眼白内障联合手术
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery combined trabeculectomy in topical anesthesia.Methods group included cataract complicated acute close-angle glaucoma (6 cases),chronic close-angle (8 cases)and POAG(8 cases),intumescent cataract inducing glaucoma (12 cases).After cataract extraction with IOL implantation in small incision were going on based on chop technique with lens loop pad, trabecular and root iris were incised in tunnel.Results Anesthetic effect is unsatisfaction in cataract complicated acute close-angle glaucoma and nice in others. Vision acuity of all cases improved partly and IOP were completely controlled.Conclusion Small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery combined trabeculectomy in topical anesthesia is an effective way and worth expanding.
【Key words】 topical anesthesia;small incision;non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery combined trabeculectomy
青光眼白内障联合手术应用较为广泛,表面麻醉下青光眼小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障已有较多报道[1~2]。近年来,我们在熟练表面麻醉下小切口非超乳白内障摘除并人工晶体植入术及熟练表面麻醉下小梁切除术的基础上,行表面麻醉下小切口非超乳青光眼白内障联合手术,效果尚满意,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 本组住院患者34例(34眼),男14眼,女20眼;年龄52~81岁。视力<0.02者8眼,0.02~0.1者18眼,0.1~0.12者8眼。急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障6眼,慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障8眼,原发开角型青光眼合并白内障8眼,白内障膨胀期继发青光眼12眼。入院后药物控制眼压,术前眼压<21mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)20眼,21~30mmHg者8眼,30~35mmHg者6眼。
1.2 手术方法 术前1h散瞳,术前30min滴0.5%爱尔卡因(Alcon公司),每隔5min点1次,共5次。开睑器开睑,部分合作较差者做上直肌悬吊缝线,11∶30~1∶00做以穹隆为基底的结膜瓣,烧灼止血,距角膜缘2.5mm水平1/2板层巩膜隧道切口,剥离入透明角膜1.5mm,弦长5.5mm,内口比外口大1~2mm。隧道内做板层小梁预切口。透明角膜辅助切口,自制截囊针环形撕囊或截囊,前房穿刺,扩大切口,水分离晶体核,辅助钩旋拨之入前房,核上下注入玻璃酸钠,伸入3mm×8mm晶体圈垫器及碎核刀,将核劈为两瓣并分别套出。同步注吸器吸净皮质,植入人工晶体于囊袋内或睫状沟。卡米可林缩瞳,沿小梁预切口处剪除2.0mm×1.5mm包括小梁组织在内的角巩膜组织;或先前不做小梁预切口,此时直接用仿Kelly咬切器咬除深板层角膜缘组织。行相应虹膜根部切除。观察房水漏出情况,若漏出过强可将巩膜切口缝合1针。球结膜瓣10-0尼龙线缝合1针。球旁注射庆大霉素2万u及地塞米松2.5mg。
2 结果
2.1 并发症 术中后囊破裂1例,剪除脱出的玻璃体,植入人工晶体。术后角膜内皮线条样浑浊12例,7天内恢复正常;片状浑浊8例,2周内恢复正常;前房成形渗出10例,经激素及散瞳后渗出吸收。无角膜内皮失代偿、脉络膜上腔出血、眼内炎等并发症发生。
2.2 患者耐受程度 除3例急性闭角型青光眼及2例白内障继发青光眼者做结膜瓣及烧灼止血时疼痛较重,追加球结膜下浸润麻醉,1例合并急性闭角型青光眼者圈套器套核时疼痛稍重,但可忍受,手术均较顺利完成,其余配合良好。
2.3 视力 <0.1者4例,其中2例是视神经萎缩,1例为年龄相关性黄斑变性,另1例为糖尿病视网膜病变;0.1~0.5者10眼;>0.5者20例。
2.4 眼压 术后7天内为(12.32±2.21)mmHg,滤过泡弥散28例,滤过过畅2例,滤过扁平并血管侵入4例。浅前房2例,为滤过过畅所致,加压包扎后恢复正常。滤过扁平者按摩并5-氟尿嘧啶结膜下注射后好转。术后3个月复诊,32例眼压(15.23±3.01)mmHg,2例眼压偏高,0.5%噻吗心安应用下正常。