关于碳酸利多卡因在臂丛神经阻滞中的药代动力学及药效学
佚名 2012-09-16
作者:施宇翔文爱东熊利泽张英民
【关键词】 碳酸利多卡因 关键词: 碳酸利多卡因;臂丛神经阻滞;药代动力学;药效学 摘 要:目的 探讨碳酸利多卡因在臂丛神经阻滞中的临床药代动力学及药效学特性. 方法 20例实施臂丛神经阻滞患者,随机分为盐酸利多卡因组和碳酸利多卡因组,每组10例,分别给予盐酸利多卡因或碳酸利多卡因(6mg kg-1 ).以荧光偏振免疫分析法(FPIA)测定利多卡因的血药浓度,以临床观察评价药效学,比较利多卡因盐酸盐和碳酸盐的药动学和药效学的差异. 结果 碳酸利多卡因和盐酸利多卡因的主要药动学参数达峰时间、达峰浓度及曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(17.2±8.9)和(25.6±9.7)min;(4.2±1.6)和(3.3±1.2)mg L-1 ;(11.8±1.8)和(8.7±1.6)mg h L-1 ;碳酸利多卡因和盐酸利多卡因的药效学参数麻醉起效时间、阻滞完善时间及麻醉持续时间分别为(4.9±1.8)和(9.1±2.1)min;(8.9±4.6)和(13.7±5.2)min;(211.3±47.4)和(152.6±31.4)min. 结论 碳酸利多卡因吸收速率和达峰时间均快于其盐酸盐,AUC也大于其盐酸盐,临床麻醉起效时间及阻滞完善时间均快于其盐酸盐,体内消除半衰期与盐酸利多卡因基本一致.
Keywords:lidocaine carbonate;brachial plexus block;phar-macokinetics;pharmacodynamics Abstract:AIM To investigate pharmacokinetics and phar-macodynamics of lidocaine carbonate in the patients duringbrachial plexus block.METHODS 20patients undergoing brachial plexus block were randomly and equally allocated in-to two groups.The patients were given lidocaine carbonate and lidocaine hydrochloride(6mg kg-1 )respectively.Serum levels of lidocaine were measured using FPIA.Pharmacody-naimcs was evaluated by subjective observation of an anes-thetist.The results of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodyna-mics of lidocaine carbonate were compared with those of lido-caine hydrochloride.RESULTS The peak time,the maxi-mal concentrations and AUC of the lidocaine carbonate group and lidocaine hydrochloride group were(17.2±8.9)vs(25.6±9.7)min,(4.2±1.6)vs(3.3±1.2)mg L-1 ,(11.8±1.8)vs(8.7±1.6)mg h L-1 ,respectively.The onset time,finishing time and persistent time of blockade of the li-docaine carbonate group and lidocaine hydrochloride group were(4.9±1.8)vs(9.1±2.1)min;(8.9±4.6)vs(13.7±5.2)min;(211.3±47.4)vs(152.6±31.4)min,respective┐ly.CONCLUSION The results showed constant of the ab-sorption rate and AUC of lidocaine carbonate were singifi-cantly greater than those of lidocaine hydrochloride.The peak time was shorter than that of lidocaine hydrocloride too.The onset time and finishing time of blockade of lidocaine car-bonate were shorter than those of lidocaine hydrochloride.The study suggested that onset of blockade of lidocaine car-bonate was faster,but elimination of lidocaine in human body was almost the same as that of lidocaine hydrochloride during brachial plexus block. 0 引言 通过揭示药物在体内的药动药效规律,实现个体化给药,达到提高药物疗效,降低不良反应的目的,是目前临床药物治疗学的研究重点[1-3] .利多卡因是临床常用的酰胺类局麻药,主要用于神经阻滞及硬膜外麻醉.以往研究结果显示,提高利多卡因溶液的pH值,使药物的非离子型比例增加,从而促进利多卡因的扩散,使阻滞起效时间缩短,效果增强[4-8] .本实验对碳酸利多卡因与盐酸利多卡因在臂丛神经阻滞中的药代动力学及药效学进行了比较研究,旨为其在临床神经阻滞中合理应用和避免发生不良反应提供理论依据. 1 对象和方法 1.1 对象 随机选择美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的上肢疾患患者20例,年龄(34.3±14.8)岁,体质量(63.8±5.7)kg. 1.2 方法 1.2.1 给药 随机分成2组,每组10例,在臂丛神经阻滞下进行手术.盐酸组用20g L-1 盐酸利多卡因(第二军医大学朝晖制药厂,批号:010918),碳酸组用20g L-1 碳酸利多卡因(江苏泰兴制药厂,批号:011022),全部患者均不用术前药.肌间沟途径寻找异感行臂丛阻滞,利多卡因用量按6mg kg-1 计算. 1.2.2 药代动力学研究 在臂丛神经注入局麻药后的5,10,20,30,45,60,120,180和360min分别从肘正中静脉采血1mL,血标本离心,取血清,用荧光偏振免疫方法(FPIA)测定利多卡因的血药浓度,以3P97药动学软件拟和求得利多卡因的药动学参数. 1.2.3 药效学观测指标 麻醉期间观察并记录麻醉起效时间、阻滞完善时间和麻醉持续时间. 统计学处理:血药浓度数据均以3P97药动学软件自动计算并判断房室模型,以梯形法计算曲线下面积(AUC),以消除相浓度的对数与时间的回归求得消除半衰期.Tab1用生存分析,Tab2用成组t检验,数据以x ±s表示.