加急见刊

HPLC法测定人唾液中卡马西平浓度及其药代动力学

佚名  2007-08-27

作者:唐哲,文爱东,吴寅,赵磊,李宏力,石茹

【关键词】 卡马西平

Determination of carbamazepine concentration in human saliva by HPLC and its pharmacokinetic study

【Abstract】 AIM: To determine carbamazepine(CBZ) concentration in human saliva by HPLC and study its pharmacokinetics. METHODS: Shimpack CLCODS C18 (150 mm×6 mm, 5 μm) spectrum analytical column was used and methanolwater(53∶47)was adopted as the mobile phase. Flow rate was 1.0 mL・min-1, detection wavelength was 212 nm, column temperature was 23℃ and the dosage of CBZ was 50 μL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of CBZ tablets taken by 6 healthy volunteers at a single oral dose of 200 mg were calculated according to CBZ concentration in saliva. RESULTS: The standard curve was linear (r=0.999) within the range of 0.40~4.32 mg・L-1 for CBZ. The limit of detection in saliva was 30 μg・L-1 (S/N≥3). The average recovery was 99.17%-104.80%;the interday RSD and intraday RSD was 2.6%-4.9% and 3.0%-8.6% respectively.The results showed that the pharmacokinetics of CBZ was in accordance with the onecompartment open model. Tmax, Cmax, ke, T1/2 and AUC(0~inf) was (4.50±3.15) h, (1.52±0.22) mg・L-1, (0.0090±0.0006) h-1, (77.16±5.26) h and (132.18±8.82) mg ・h・L-1 respectively. After single dosing, the concentrationtime curve of CBZ in saliva presented multiple peaks. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, quick and specific, and can be used to determine CBZ concentration in human saliva and to study its pharmacokinetics.

【Keywords】 chromatography, high pressure liquid; carbamazepine; saliva; pharmacokinetics

【摘要】 目的: 利用HPLC法测定人唾液中卡马西平浓度,并观察其药代动力学特征. 方法: 采用Shimpack CLCODS C18色谱分析柱 (150 mm×6 mm, 5 μm),以甲醇水(53∶47)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL・min-1,检测波长为212 nm,柱温为室温,进样量50 μL. 根据唾液药物浓度求算6名健康受试者单剂量口服卡马西平片剂的药代动力学参数. 结果: 本测定方法线形范围为0.40~4.32 mg・L-1,相关系数r=0.999,最低检出浓度为30 μg・L-1 (按S/N≥3计),方法平均回收率为99.17%-104.80%;日内RSD、日间RSD分别在2.6%-4.9%和3.0%-8.6%. 药动学参数表明,卡马西平人体内过程符合单室开放模型,Tmax, Cmax, ke, T1/2, AUC(0~inf) 分别为(4.50±3.15)h, (1.52±0.22) mg・L-1, (0.0090±0.0006) h-1, (77.16±5.26) h, (132.18±8.82) mg・h・L-1. 单次给药后,CBZ唾液浓度时间曲线出现多峰现象. 结论: 该法简便、快速、专一性强,适用于卡马西平唾液药物浓度测定及药代动力学研究之用.

【关键词】 色谱法,高压液相;卡马西平;唾液;药代动力学

0引言

卡马西平(carbamazepine, CBZ)是临床上常用的抗癫痫药. 由于此药的药代动力学个体差异大,吸收不规则,血药浓度治疗窗窄(4~12 mg・L-1),容易引起毒副反应[1]. 为保证药品质量及临床疗效,把好临床合理用药关[2-4],有必要对其进行血药浓度监测和个体化用药. 但血样采集常增加患者痛苦,且操作较繁琐[5],尤其对于婴幼儿更为不便. 而唾液取样具有无创伤、经济简便、易于接受等优点. 为探讨用无创伤性生物制品取代血样的新途径,通过监测唾液中药物浓度,实现个体化用药,并在社区、家庭推广,取代传统的患者到医院门诊抽取血样的不方便模式,我们利用HPLC法测定卡马西平唾液浓度,并通过药代动力学研究,考察其适用性[6]. 1材料和方法

1.1材料① 对象健康受试者6(男3,女3)名,年龄20~25岁,平均(22.2±1.8)岁;体质量42~65 kg,平均(53.7±8.9) kg. 肝肾功能正常,受试前1 wk及受试期间未接受其他药物. 每位受试者均自愿参加实验,详细了解实验过程并签署知情同意书. ② 仪器LC10AVP高效液相色谱系统(Shimadzu,Japan):含两台LC10ATvp型泵,7725型进样阀(配100 μL定量环),CTO10Asvp柱箱,Classvp 5.032色谱工作站(Shimadzu,Japan),Shimpack CLCODS C18不锈钢分析色谱柱(150 mm×6 mm,5 μm),3D紫外检测器;涡旋混合器(XW80型,上海第一医学院仪器厂);高速离心机(ABBOTT,USA). ③ 药品与试剂卡马西平片:上海复旦复华药业有限公司生产,批号20030123卡马西平标准品:中国药品生物制品检定所提供;甲醇为色谱级,其他试剂均为分析纯. 1.2色谱条件色谱柱:Shimpack CLCODS C18柱(150 mm×6 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇水(53∶47);流速1 mL・min-1;检测波长212 nm;柱温为室温;进样量100 μL.

1.3方法

1.3.1CBZ标准液的制备精密称取4.0 mg的CBZ标准品,置于50 mL量瓶中,用甲醇定容,即得浓度为0.08 g・L-1的CBZ标准液.

1.3.2标准曲线制备取正常人混合空白唾液1 mL 5份,分别加入CBZ标准液5,12,24,38和54 μL,配成浓度分别为0.40,0.96,1.92,3.04和4.32 mg・L-1的系列标准样品. 取待测样品150 μL,加入蛋白沉淀剂150 μL,振荡混匀后高速离心5 min(4500 g),取上清液100 μL进样. 以峰面积为纵坐标(A),CBZ浓度为横坐标(C),进行线形回归,得回归方程:C=0.000003247A-0.1738(r=0.999, n=6),唾液中CBZ浓度在0.4~4.3 mg・L-1范围内线形关系良好. CBZ的最低检测浓度为30 μg・L-1(S/N≥3).

1.3.3方法专属性将空白唾液、CBZ标准溶液及供试样品分别进样,其三维图谱分别见Fig 1. 在本色谱条件下,CBZ的保留时间为7.2 min,唾液中蛋白质等干扰物质与CBZ可达基线完全分离,确保分析方法的专一性.

1.3.4方法回收率和精密度按“标准曲线制备”项下操作,对已知含CBZ 0.40,1.92,4.32 mg ・L-1低、中、高3种浓度的唾液供试品,于同日内连续测定5次,计算其日内精密度;对上述3种浓度样品于5 d内分别进行测定,计算日间精密度;同时计算方法回收率(Tab 1).

1.3.5实验设计6名受试者实验前禁食12 h,于次日晨起空腹采集唾液2 mL(空白对照),随即口服CBZ片剂200 mg;并于服药后1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5, 12, 24, 72, 144和216 h收集唾液2 mL,按“标准曲线制备”项下方法测定唾液中CBZ浓度.

表1HPLC法测定唾液中卡马西平的方法回收率和精密度(略)

图1卡马西平色谱图(略)

2结果

经计算,6名健康受试者口服200 mg CBZ后的平均药时曲线见Fig 2. 消除速率常数ke用消除相中对数药物浓度时间回归曲线的斜率求得,以梯形法求算AUC, Tmax, Cmax均采用实测值. 其主要药动学参数Tmax, Cmax, ke, T1/2, AUC(0~inf)分别为(4.50±3.15)h, (1.52±0.22) mg・L-1, (0.0090±0.0006) h-1, (77.16±5.26) h, (132.18±8.82) mg ・h・L-1.

图2健康受试者口服200 mg卡马西平后的平均药时曲线(略)

3讨论 以HPLC法测定血液中CBZ的方法已有报道,其样品预处理方法主要为液液萃取法[7-11]. 我们采用蛋白沉淀法,较萃取法回收率高,操作简便快速、价廉,而且避免了有机试剂挥发给操作者带来的健康损害. 本实验建立的HPLC法测定唾液中的CBZ浓度,样品处理方便,出峰快,10 min即可完成1个样品分析,分析成本低. CBZ与样品中的蛋白质等杂质分离完全,具有较高的专一性. 以峰面积与唾液中药物浓度之间的线形关系做定量标准,相关性好. 回收率及精密度试验结果表明,本法回收完全,重现性良好,是一种灵敏、专一、快速、简便的测定方法. 6名健康受试者单剂量口服CBZ片剂200 mg的唾液药浓度经时变化趋势基本相似,但达峰时间具有较大的个体差异(4.50±3.15) h,与文献报道的结果基本一致[12],再次证明了对CBZ进行治疗药物监测,实行个体化用药的必要性. CBZ服药后吸收较为迅速,T1/2较长,其人体内的药时曲线符合一级吸收的单室模型. 另外,本次试验发现CBZ药时曲线存在多峰现象,6名受试者中,4人出现三峰,2人出现双峰,CBZ多峰现象可能与其胃肠道吸收的非齐性 (Unhomogeneous) 和肠肝循环 (Enterhepatic Circulation,EHC)有关[12,13]. 本次试验只是单剂量给药,对CBZ片的多峰现象观察还须在多次给药达到稳态时的状态下继续进行观察. 对多峰现象的研究,可为临床制订更安全、有效、合理的给药方案提供依据,减少不良反应的发生.

我们建立了简便、快速检测唾液中CBZ的方法,适用性良好,为以唾液进行CBZ治疗药物监测提供了依据,也为进一步进行多中心临床试验,考察CBZ唾液浓度与CBZ临床疗效及不良反应发生率间的关系奠定了基础.

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